Introduction
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and its potential to cause Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) are factors that should be front-of-mind for anyone overseeing buildings with shared workspaces or residences. This article offers expert advice from an occupational hygienist's perspective to help you proactively maintain a healthy indoor environment.
What is Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)?
SBS isn't a specific disease. Instead, it's a term for a collection of symptoms people experience that seem to be connected to spending time in a particular building. Symptoms typically include:
- Headaches
- Eye, nose and throat irritation
- Respiratory issues (dry cough, chest tightness)
- Fatigue and difficulty concentrating
- Skin irritation
- Dizziness or nausea
These symptoms usually lessen or disappear once the person leaves the building. Often, no specific cause for SBS can be pinpointed.
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – The Common Culprit
Poor IAQ is frequently the main reason behind SBS. Common IAQ problems include:
- Inadequate Ventilation: Low air exchange rates allow pollutants to build up
- Contaminants: Chemical pollutants (VOCs from cleaning products, building materials, office equipment), biological contaminants (mould, bacteria), and outdoor pollutants finding their way indoors
- Temperature and Humidity: Extremes of temperature or humidity create discomfort and can increase susceptibility to illness
The Occupational Hygienist's Role
Occupational hygienists are experts in identifying and managing health hazards in the workplace, including those related to IAQ. Here's what they do:
- Assess IAQ: Hygienist may conduct air sampling, temperature/humidity monitoring and visual inspections to identify potential IAQ issues
- Identify Problem Sources: They trace issues back to the source, whether it's mould growth, chemical off-gassing, or inadequate ventilation
- Recommend Solutions: Hygienists recommend solutions including ventilation improvements, source removal, air filtrations and policy changes
Proactive Steps for Building Managers
Here's how you can safeguard your building's IAQ:
Maintenance and Cleaning:
- Implement a rigorous HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) maintenance schedule, including regular filter changes
- Promptly address water leads and moisture issues to prevent mould
Ventilation:
- Ensure HVAC systems are bringing in enough fresh air and are operating optimally
- Encourage the opening of windows in the absence of an HVAC system
Source Control:
- Designate smoking areas far away from building entrances
Communication and Monitoring:
- Create channels for occupants to report comfort issues. A record of reported comfort issues should be kept to identify potential sources
- Respond promptly to concerns. If needed, hire an occupational hygienist for in-depth assessment.
Beyond IAQ: Other SBS Factors
Remember, SBS can have multi-faceted causes. The following factors should also be considered:
- Ergonomics: Poorly designed workstations lead to physical discomfort
- Lighting: Glare or insufficient lighting strains the eyes
- Psychosocial Factors: Job stress or poor work relationships also contribute to health problems
The Value of Prevention
Proactive IAQ management doesn't just prevent SBS; it also:
- Enhances productivity and focus
- Reduces illness-related absenteeism
- Creates a more appealing and healthier work environment
Conclusion
By understanding SBS and partnering with experts like occupational hygienists when needed, you'll ensure your building is a healthy and supportive space for all who work within it.
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