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Once all relevant data has been collected and captured, the analysis of data entails using different tools and methods to interrogate the research questions. By properly grouping your analysis per research question, your findings will read with better clarity. It is also important to pick the right analysis approach, specific tests to be conducted (for quantitative studies), and to correctly interpret your results. Typical data analysis packages include SPSS, R, Atlas.ti, Eviews, and stata.

At every stage of your literature review, a key focus should be on the implications of such literature on your methodology. In setting up your methodology, you need to clearly discuss your population characteristics and sampling processes, research instruments, data collection and analysis procedures. A strong methodology collects the most relevant data to interrogate the research question, while producing results that are comparable with previous studies.

Literature review is a crucial research stage where the key focus will be to discuss existing knowledge in relation to your topic. The purpose of this review will be to establish a foundation for your own study’s methodology, as well as expected findings from the study. The theoretical framework in literature arises from a review of available theories and models that explain your topic. Empirical literature on the other hand entails a discussion of previous similar studies on the topic, and what those studies have discovered.

Once you know what your research will focus on, proposal writing is an integral stage that helps convince your institution of your understanding and ability to execute the topic. It is crucial at this stage to sufficiently discuss the study background, produce a solid problem statement with research gap, and put forward research questions. A solid proposal builds a strong foundation for the rest of your study by stress testing the literature field, teasing the methodology to be applied, as well as review the implications of your study.